Notes:

Han ble konge i Tyskland i 1169 og keiser i "The Holy Roman Empire" etter sin far i 1191.

Occupation:
konge og Keiser

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Tyskland

Notes:

Frederick I (Holy Roman Empire), called Frederick Barbarossa (c. 1123-1190), Holy Roman emperor and King of Germany (1152-1190), King of Italy (1155-1190), and, as Frederick III, Duke of Swabia (1147-1152, 1167-1168). He was born in Waiblingen, th e son of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia, and the nephew of Conrad III, king of Germany. Conrad III, favouring Frederick over his own son, on his deathbed recommended to the German princes that Frederick be chosen for the German kings hip and the imperial throne. Accordingly, after the death of his uncle in 1152, Frederick Barbarossa was made German king and elected Holy Roman emperor. He conceived of his imperial title as a grant from God, through the German princes, and wishe d to restore the glory of the Roman Empire. He consequently decided to consolidate the imperial position in Germany and Italy and began by issuing a general order for peace among the princes of Germany, at the same time granting them extensive con cessions. In 1154 he proceeded to Italy, where he received the Lombard crown at Pavia. The following year he was crowned Holy Roman emperor by Pope Adrian IV, whose authority Frederick had reinstated before his coronation. In 1156 Pope Adrian aroused Frederick against the papacy by implying in a letter to him that the emperor held lands only as a fief from the pope. Two years later Frederick incurred the hostility of the Lombards by demanding recognition of all hi s royal rights, including his power to appoint the imperial podesta, or governor, in every town. Such cities as Milan, Piacenza, Brescia, and Cremona considered that demand a denial of their communal liberties and in 1158 began a struggle that las ted until 1183 and required Frederick to lead five expeditions to Italy. Between 1158 and 1162 Frederick warred with Milan and its allies, subduing that city and confirming claims to other Italian cities. Meanwhile Frederick had set up a serie s of antipopes in opposition to the reigning pope, Alexander III, who espoused the cause of the Milanese and their allies and who, in 1165, excommunicated Frederick. By attacking the Leonine City in Rome in 1167-1168, Frederick was able to instal l one of the antipopes, Paschal III, on the papal throne. The Lombard League, consisting of the cities of Milan, Parma, Padua, Verona, Piacenza, Bologna, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, and Brescia, was formed in 1167 and eventually acknowledged Pope Al exander as leader. During the next seven years the league acquired military strength, rebuilt Milan, constructed the fortress city of Alessandria, and organized a federal system of administration. The fifth expedition (1174-1176) of Frederic k to Italy terminated in defeat by the Lombard League at Legnano. The defeat was significant in military history, because it was the first major triumph of infantry over a mounted army of feudal knights. Frederick was forced in 1177 to acknowledg e Alexander III as pope and in 1183 to sign the Peace of Constance, acceding to the demands of the Lombards for autonomy but retaining imperial suzerainty over the towns. Although imperial control in Italy was virtually ended by his defeat at Legnano, Frederick managed to enhance his prestige in central Europe. He made Poland tributary to the empire, raised Bohemia to the rank of a kingdom, and erected the margrava te of Austria into an independent hereditary duchy. His own power as emperor in Germany was firmly established in 1180, when he ended his long struggle with the Welfs by putting down a revolt led by the Welf Henry the Lion and depriving him of mos t of his lands. Frederick initiated the Third Crusade in 1189, and in the next year, having resigned the government of the empire to his son Henry, later Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, set out for Asia Minor. After gaining two great victories over the Muslims at Ph ilomelion (now Ak?ehir) and Iconium (now Konya), he was drowned in the Calycadnus (now Göksu) River in Cilicia (now in Turkey) on June 10, 1190.1

1"Frederick I (Holy Roman Empire)," Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) 99 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Occupation:
konge og keiser

Friederich married Beatrix VON BURGUND. Beatrix was born in Burgund; died in Tyskland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Hun var hans andre kone

Occupation:
keiserinne

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Swaben

Notes:

From Britannicus: The nearest kinsmen of Henry V were his Hohenstaufen nephews--Frederick, duke of Swabia (1105-47), and his younger brother Conrad, the sons of Henry's sister Agnes and Frederick, the first Hohenstaufen duke of Swabia. Some form of election had alw ays been necessary to succeed to the crown, but, before the great civil war, nearness to the royal blood had been honoured whenever a dynasty failed in the direct line. By 1125, however, the princes, guided by Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz, no long er respected blood right. Affinity with Henry V was no recommendation to them, and hereditary succession seemed to lower their authority in the government of the Reich. Instead of Frederick they chose the duke of Saxony, Lothair of Supplingenbur g (reigned as king 1125-37, reigned as emperor 1133-37). Like the Hohenstaufen, he had risen by a lucky marriage and a successful career of continuous fighting into the first rank of dynasts; but, unlike them, he had served the cause of the Saxo n opposition to the Salians.

Occupation:
hertug

Friederich married Judith VON WELF. Judith (daughter of Welf IV VON WELF) was born in Bayern, Tyskland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Swaben

Notes:

Hun er søsteren til grev Heinrich der Stolzen von Welf

Occupation:
hertuginne

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Swaben

Notes:

Hohenstaufen, noble German family, members of which were rulers of the Holy Roman Empire and kings of Germany and Sicily. The family name was derived from the ancestral castle at Staufen (near present-day Stuttgart). The family gained prominenc e in 1079 with the marriage of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia, to Agnes, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. The royal and imperial line began in 1138 when their son, Conrad III, was elected German king. This line included the Holy Roman Emp erors and German kings Frederick I, Barbarossa, who was also King of Italy, and Henry VI, also King of Sicily. Frederick II was Holy Roman Emperor, as well as King of Germany, Sicily, and Jerusalem. Other Hohenstaufen rulers were Philip, Kin g of Germany; Conrad IV, King of Germany and Sicily; Manfred, King of Sicily; and Conradin, who was killed while defending his right to rule Sicily. Enzio, an illegitimate son of Frederick II, assumed the title of King of Sardinia but was imprison ed; with his death the family line ended. From the accession of Conrad III, the Hohenstaufen family came into conflict with another German family, the Guelphs, or Welfs.1

1"Hohenstaufen," Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) 99 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Fra Britannicus: Hohenstaufen Dynasty also called STAUFER DYNASTY, German dynasty that ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1138 to 1208 and from 1212 to 1254. The founder of the line was the count Frederick (died 1105), who built Staufen Castle in the Swabian Jura Mountains and was rewar ded for his fidelity to Emperor Henry IV by being appointed duke of Swabia as Frederick I in 1079. He later married Henry's daughter Agnes. His two sons, Frederick II, duke of Swabia, and Conrad, were the heirs of their uncle, Emperor Henry V, wh o died childless in 1125. After the interim reign of the Saxon Lothair III, Conrad became German king and Holy Roman emperor as Conrad III in 1138. Subsequent Hohenstaufen rulers were Frederick I Barbarossa (Holy Roman emperor 1155-90), Henr y VI (Holy Roman emperor 1191-97), Philip of Swabia (king 1198- 1208), Frederick II (king, 1212-50, emperor 1220-50), and Conrad IV (king 1237-54). The Hohenstaufen, especially Frederick I and Frederick II, continued the struggle with the papac y that began under their Salian predecessors, and were active in Italian affairs. The imperial dynasty was interrupted in 1208-12 by the brief reign of Otto IV, duke of Aquitaine of the House of Welf

Occupation:
hertug

Friederich married Agnes Av TYSKLAND. Agnes (daughter of Heinrich IV Av TYSKLAND and Bertha VON SAVOY) was born about 1060 in Tyskland; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Tyskland

Notes:

Occupation:
prinsesse

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Carinthya

Notes:

Occupation:
Hertug