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- [S166] Personal Correspondence, According to Lars L?berg, Gjartrud's patronymic has now been proven to be Omsdotter rather than Dugalsdotter. This was done by Are S. Gustavsen. Her brothers must have the same patronymic. (Reliability: 3).
- [S224] Frøholm, Anders, Omkring Store-Kvale, (Tidskrift for Valdres Historielag, Vol. 12, pp. 65-92, 1934), pp. 66-67 (Reliability: 3).
- [S225] Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie, Munthe, Gerhard. Vol. 1, Part 1, Christiania, 1833, pp. 130-134 (Reliability: 3).
In this article, Munthe included several pages about Paal Eriks?n and his family. On pages 130-131, he begins with (translation by J. Ellingboe): "Genealogist Herzholm says, in his Norwegian Coats of Arms Book, about Paal Eriksson's origins, but after the customs of his time, without providing any source, 'Herr Povel Erichsen, who was of the Kroger (Family Krok), a powerful knight in Norway, whose forefathers came from the counts of England, and was of royal blood also her in Norway.' (Dansk-Norske Adels-Lexicon, Vol. 1, p. 303)"
On page 131Munthe states, "It seems to us quite likely that Herr Paal was the son of Herr Erik Dugalsson or Dufgalss?n, who died in 1287, and therefore a grandson of Dugal (Erikss?n), king on the Southern Isles (Hebrides) 1253 and without doubt was involved in the agreement with Scotland in 1266. Paal Erikss?n had his family in Valdres. Herr Gudthorm Gydus?n. -- he was a member of the states council, baron and knight in 1287 and already ten years before (1277) was named as one of the first high-standing persons in Viken and the Oplands) (Died before 8 May 1307) -- was married with his paternal aunt, Gerthrud (or Jarthrud) and the knight Herr Asle (in Valdres, where he must have been Syselmand [district governor]) was his paternal uncle)."
According to Anders Stilloff (TVH, Vol. 12, pp. 65-92, 1934), Munthe was incorrect in accepting Herzholm's earlier conclusion that king Dugal was named Dugal Eirikss?n and possibly a descendant of Ketil Krok p? Torgar in Helgeland. Stilloff pointed out that Dugal was actually named Dugal Rudhris?n and had his family in Scotland and the islands. If there was a relationship between king Dugal and Ketil Krok, who came from England after the battle of Stamford bridge in 1066, it must have been on the distaff side of the family (his mother's side), but there is no historical documentation of this.
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