Johan Uten LAND

1167 - 1216  (49 years)

• Name	Johan Uten LAND
  Birth	1167	England
  Gender	Male
  Occupation	Hertug/Konge
  Residence	England
  Death	1216
  Notes	Johan uten land (eng. John Lackland), 1167-1216, konge av England 1199, Rikard Løvehjertes bror og etterfølger, fikk sitt tilnavn fordi han ikke hadde noe len som prins. En strid med Innocens 3 førte til at han 1213 anerkjente paven som sin lenshe rre. Etter en stormannsreisning ble han tvunget til å underskrive det berømte frihetsbrev Magna Charta 1215. Da Johan, med pavens billigelse, brøt overenskomsten, kom det til opprør, og han døde under striden. John (of England), called John Lackland (1167-1216), King of England (1199-1216), best known for signing Magna Carta. John was born in Oxford on December 24, 1167, the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry provided for the eventual inheritance of his lands by his older sons before John was born, hence his nickname "Lackland". By 1186, however , only Richard I, the Lion-Hearted, and John were left as Henry's heirs. John had already turned Ireland against him when Henry sent him there as Lord of Ireland in 1185. In 1189, as Henry neared death, John joined Richard's rebellion against thei r father, and when Richard was crowned, he gave John many estates and titles. John tried but failed to usurp the crown while Richard was away on the Third Crusade, but upon returning to England, Richard forgave him. When his brother died in 1199 , John became king and lord of all the Angevin territories, without initially facing much opposition. However, a revolt ensued by the supporters of Arthur of Brittany, the son of John's brother, Geoffrey, partly caused by John's mistakes in handli ng his family. Arthur was defeated and captured in 1202, and John was widely believed to have had him murdered, turning many of his subjects against him. Philip II of France continued Arthur's war until John had to surrender nearly all his Frenc h possessions in 1204, after a flight to England that earned him a reputation for cowardice. He then began to build up monetary and political resources to regain the lost lands. In 1207 John refused to accept the election of Stephen Langton as Arc hbishop of Canterbury. Pope Innocent III then excommunicated him and began negotiating with Philip for the invasion of England that the French king himself had long planned. Desperate, John surrendered England to the pope and in 1213 receive d it back as a fief. Trying to regain his French possessions, he and his French and German allies were decisively defeated by Philip in the Battle of Bouvines of July 27, 1214, an event that greatly enhanced France's position in Europe and ende d John's ambitions there. John's reign had become increasingly tyrannical; to support his wars he had extorted money, raised taxes, and confiscated properties. Some modern authorities regard these policies as misrepresented efforts at sound admini strative reform, but they were certainly seen at the time as oppressive, and his barons finally united to force him to respect their historic rights and privileges. John had little choice but to sign Magna Carta, presented to him by his baron s at Runnymede in 1215, making him subject, rather than superior, to the law. However, John evidently regarded Magna Carta as exacted under duress and sought to evade its terms, and soon afterwards he and the barons were at war. He died at Newar k in Nottinghamshire on October 19, 1216, while still pursuing the campaign, and was succeeded by his son, Henry III.1 1"John (of England)," Microsoft(r) Encarta(r) 99 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
  Person ID	I18434	Valdres Slekt
  Last Modified	20 Nov 2007

  
  

  Father	Henrik II,   b. 5 Mar 1133, Le MAN, Frankrike d. 1189 (Age 55 years)
  Mother	Eleanor Av AQUITAINE,   b. Abt 1122, Aquitaine d. 1 Apr 1203 (Age ~ 81 years)
  Marriage	1154
  Family ID	F7089	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Children	1. Hernry III,   b. 1207, England d. 1272 (Age 65 years)
  Family ID	F6861	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	20 Nov 2007